Which Vitamins You Are Missing: Signs and What Tests

Reviewed by the LabReadAI medical team
Which Vitamins You Are Missing: Signs and What Tests

"I'm always tired, my hair is falling out, my nails break — I must be missing some vitamins." The urge to take "something for energy" is understandable, but taking vitamins blindly is pointless and sometimes harmful. Let's break down how to tell which vitamins you are missing: by signs and, above all, by tests — because only blood can truly show a deficiency.

Why "Taking Vitamins Just in Case" Is Not the Best Path

Deficiency signs are non-specific (fatigue can come from iron, B12 or the thyroid), and an excess of some vitamins (A, D in large doses) is harmful. So it is wiser not to guess but to check key markers and replace what is genuinely lacking.

Common Signs of Low Vitamins and Minerals

Sign What to check first
Fatigue, weakness, pallor iron/ferritin, B12, vitamin D
Hair loss, brittle nails ferritin, vitamin D, zinc
Frequent colds vitamin D, zinc
Numbness, tingling, anaemia vitamin B12, folate
Bone aches, low mood vitamin D
Bleeding gums vitamin C

Signs only hint where to look — a test confirms the deficiency.

What Tests to Run for Vitamins and Minerals

A sensible baseline: vitamin D (25-OH), vitamin B12, ferritin (iron stores), folate, and as indicated — zinc, magnesium, a complete blood count. Convenient as one package — the vitamin panel. The most common deficiencies are vitamin D and iron: covered in vitamin D deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia.

The Most Common Deficiencies

  • Vitamin D — deficiency is very common, especially in winter; affects bones, immunity, mood.
  • Iron/ferritin — a frequent cause of fatigue and hair loss, especially in women.
  • B12 and folate — important for blood and the nervous system; B12 deficiency is common in older people and vegans (see vitamin B12 deficiency).

What to Do After the Tests

Replace exactly what is low, in an adequate form and dose, and recheck later. Do not prescribe yourself high doses "by eye": some vitamins are toxic in excess. The dose and form are chosen from the results and your condition.

To understand your tests and which vitamin is actually low, upload the form (PDF or photo) to the vitamin and supplement matching by tests service: the AI will explain the markers and point out what is lacking. This helps but does not replace a doctor.

This article is informational. Prescribing supplements is the doctor's job.

Frequently asked questions

  • Reliably — only by blood tests, because deficiency signs are non-specific. A sensible baseline: vitamin D (25-OH), B12, ferritin, folate, and if needed zinc and magnesium. Signs (fatigue, hair loss, pallor) only hint at what to check first.

  • Most often: vitamin D (25-OH), vitamin B12, ferritin (iron stores), folate; as indicated — zinc, magnesium and a complete blood count. Convenient as one package — the vitamin panel. This covers the most common deficiencies — vitamin D and iron.

  • Basic preventive doses (such as vitamin D in winter) are often safe, but 'treating' a presumed deficiency with high doses blindly is unwise: signs are non-specific and an excess of some vitamins (A, D) is harmful. It is wiser to check key markers and replace what is genuinely low.

  • Fatigue most often comes from iron deficiency (ferritin), vitamin B12, vitamin D, and thyroid problems (TSH). So with persistent fatigue you start with these tests, not with random vitamins. More on iron in iron deficiency anaemia.

  • Replace exactly what is low, in the right form and dose, and recheck later. High doses 'just in case' are dangerous for some vitamins. The vitamin and supplement matching service helps work out what is lacking from your form, but the doctor makes the final call.

For informational purposes only

This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical guidance.

Decode your tests with AIUpload a photo or PDF — get a clear explanation of every value in minutes. Start decoding